What kind of built-in functions do python have? what are they?

 Python has a rich set of built-in functions that provide a wide range of functionalities.¹ Here are some of the key categories and examples:

1. Data Type Conversion:

• int(): Converts a value to an integer.²
• float(): Converts a value to a floating-point number.³
• str(): Converts a value to a string.⁴
• bool(): Converts a value to a Boolean (True or False).⁵
• list(): Converts an iterable to a list.⁶
• tuple(): Converts an iterable to a tuple.⁷
• set(): Converts an iterable to a set.⁸
• dict(): Creates a dictionary from key-value pairs.⁹

2. Mathematical Functions:

• abs(): Returns the absolute value of a number.¹⁰
• pow(): Raises a number to a power.¹¹
• round(): Rounds a number to a specified number of decimals.¹²
• min(): Returns the smallest item in an iterable or the smallest of two or more arguments.¹³
• max(): Returns the largest item in an iterable or the largest¹⁴ of two or more arguments.¹⁵
• sum(): Sums the items of an iterable.¹⁶

3. Input/Output:

• print(): Prints output to the console.¹⁷
• input(): Gets input from the user.¹⁸
• open(): Opens a file for reading or writing.¹⁹

4. Iteration and Control Flow:

• range(): Generates a sequence of numbers.²⁰
• enumerate(): Adds a counter to an iterable.²¹
• zip(): Maps the similar index of multiple containers.²²
• filter(): Filters elements from an iterable based on a function.²³
• map(): Applies a function to each item of an iterable.²⁴

5. Object Inspection:

• type(): Returns the type of an object.²⁵
• isinstance(): Checks if an object is an instance of a specific class.²⁶
• dir(): Returns a list of attributes and methods of an object.²⁷
• help(): Displays the documentation of a module, function, class, etc.²⁸

6. Other Useful Functions:

• len(): Returns the length of an object.²⁹
• id(): Returns the unique identifier of an object.³⁰
• chr(): Returns the character corresponding to a Unicode code point.³¹
• ord(): Returns the Unicode code point of a character.³²

This is not an exhaustive list, but it covers many of the most commonly used built-in functions in Python. You can find a complete list and detailed documentation in the official Python documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html

I hope this overview is helpful! Let me know if you have any specific questions about particular functions.