"You have to be over 18 to see that movie." What does this phrase mean?

 That phrase means that the movie has been rated as inappropriate for anyone under the age of 18. This is usually due to mature themes, violence, sexual content, or strong language.

Essentially, it's a legal restriction or guideline set by a film rating system to protect younger audiences from potentially disturbing or unsuitable content.

Being assertive

 Being assertive means confidently and respectfully expressing your opinions, needs, and rights, while also respecting those of others. It's about finding a balance between being passive and aggressive. Here's how to be assertive in English:

1. Use "I" statements:

• These statements help you express your feelings and needs without blaming others.
• Example: Instead of saying "You always interrupt me," say "I feel frustrated when I'm interrupted because I can't fully express my ideas."

2. Be direct and clear:

• Avoid vague language or beating around the bush. State your point clearly and concisely.
• Example: Instead of saying "It might be helpful if you could perhaps try to be a bit more punctual," say "I need you to be on time for our meetings."

3. Maintain a calm and respectful tone:

• Even when expressing disagreement or frustration, keep your voice calm and avoid being aggressive or rude.
• Example: Instead of yelling "That's unacceptable!", say "I'm concerned about this situation, and I'd like to discuss how we can find a solution."

4. Use confident body language:

• Maintain eye contact, stand tall, and use open gestures to project confidence.

5. Set boundaries:

• Assertively communicate your limits and say "no" when necessary, without feeling guilty.
• Example: "I won't be able to work late tonight. I have a prior commitment."

6. Express disagreement respectfully:

• Acknowledge others' opinions, but confidently state your own perspective.
• Example: "I understand your point of view, however, I believe that..."

7. Be open to compromise:

• While being assertive, also be willing to find solutions that accommodate everyone's needs.

8. Practice assertive communication:

• Role-play situations with a friend or practice in front of a mirror to improve your assertiveness skills.

Examples of assertive phrases:

• "I need..."
• "I would appreciate it if..."
• "I disagree with that because..."
• "I understand your perspective, but..."
• "I'm not comfortable with that."
• "I have the right to..."
• "No, thank you."

Remember:

• Assertiveness is a skill that takes time and practice to develop.
• It's not about being aggressive or demanding, but about expressing yourself respectfully and confidently.
• Being assertive can help you build stronger relationships, improve your self-esteem, and achieve your goals.

A biography

 A biography is a written account of someone's life. It can be about a famous person or someone you know personally. Biographies can be short or long, depending on the purpose and the person's life.

Here are some tips on how to use a biography:

• For research: Biographies can be a great source of information for research papers or projects. They can provide insights into a person's life, accomplishments, and challenges.
• For inspiration: Biographies can be inspiring stories of people who have overcome obstacles and achieved great things.
• For learning: Biographies can teach you about different cultures, historical periods, and events.
• For entertainment: Biographies can be interesting and engaging stories about people's lives.

When using a biography, it's important to consider the source and the author's perspective. Not all biographies are created equal, and some may be more accurate or objective than others.

Here are some things to look for when choosing a biography:

• Author's credentials: Is the author an expert on the subject or someone who has done extensive research?
• Sources: Does the biography cite its sources?
• Objectivity: Is the biography fair and balanced, or does it seem to have a bias?

Once you've chosen a biography, you can use it in many different ways. You can read it for pleasure, use it for research, or even write a review of it. No matter how you use it, a biography can be a valuable resource for learning about the lives of others.