What is Logical Thinking?

 Certainly. Here is the explanation of logical thinking in English.

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What is Logical Thinking?

Logical thinking is a structured mental process used to reason through problems, analyze information, and draw coherent conclusions. It is the ability to think in a step-by-step manner, relying on objective facts and evidence rather than emotions or instincts, to ensure consistency and validity in your reasoning.

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Key Components of Logical Thinking

Logical thinking is built upon several specific, interrelated skills:

1. Analysis and Comprehension

• Fact Identification and Definition: The process begins with accurately grasping the information or situation and clearly defining its scope and meaning. It requires setting aside biases to gather objective data.

  • Example: Instead of just saying "sales dropped," you precisely identify when, for which product, and by how much the drop occurred.

• Problem Decomposition: For complex issues, you break them down into smaller, manageable elements or root causes to pinpoint where the essential problem lies.

2. Inference and Reasoning

Based on the analyzed facts, you apply appropriate rules (logic) to draw inferences and reach a conclusion or solution. The two primary methods are Deductive and Inductive reasoning.

• Deductive Reasoning:

  • This method moves from general premises or rules to a specific conclusion. If the initial premises are true, the conclusion must also be true.

  • Example: "All birds have feathers (General Premise)." "A robin is a bird (Specific Case)." $\to$ "Therefore, a robin has feathers (Conclusion)."

• Inductive Reasoning:

  • This method moves from multiple specific observations or examples to a probable general conclusion or pattern. The conclusion is likely but not guaranteed to be absolutely true.

  • Example: "Raven A is black." "Raven B is black." "Raven C is black." $\to$ "Therefore, all ravens are probably black (General Conclusion)."

3. Structuring and Verification

• Clarifying Cause and Effect: You organize the connections between events to understand the root causes and expected results ("Why did this happen?" and "What will happen next?").

• Building a Logical Structure: You arrange your argument or idea into a clear structure: Premise → Evidence/Support → Conclusion. This is often referred to as building a line of reasoning.

• Testing for Validity: You critically review the conclusion and the process used to reach it, checking for any contradictions, leaps in logic, or insufficient/unobjective evidence.

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Why Logical Thinking Matters

Logical thinking is crucial in various aspects of life, from professional settings to daily decision-making.

Area of Application	Specific Benefit
Problem Solving	It allows you to skip emotional responses, identify the root cause of an issue based on facts, and derive effective, implementable solutions.
Communication	Your opinions and proposals can be conveyed structurally and clearly, making your arguments persuasive and easy for others to understand.
Decision Making	You can evaluate multiple options against objective criteria to make the most rational and informed judgment.

In essence, logical thinking is a "well-reasoned approach" that provides the foundation for sound judgment and communication, ensuring that your conclusions are based on correct steps and objective evidence, not just assumptions or feelings.