The English word "vigorous"

 The English word "vigorous" is an adjective that describes something characterized by or involving physical strength, effort, or energy. It can also refer to something that is forceful, determined, or growing strongly.

Here's a breakdown of how to use "vigorous" with examples:

Core Meanings and Usage:

1. Strong, healthy, and full of energy (often physical): This is a very common meaning, often applied to people, animals, or plants.

   • Example: "Despite his age, he still enjoys vigorous exercise." (Describes a type of exercise that is energetic and physically demanding)
   • Example: "The old man is surprisingly vigorous for his age." (Describes a person's state of being)
   • Example: "The new seedlings are showing vigorous growth." (Describes the strong, healthy growth of plants)

2. Forceful, powerful, or intense: This refers to the strength or intensity of an action, effort, or process.

   • Example: "The company launched a vigorous marketing campaign." (Describes the intense and forceful nature of the campaign)
   • Example: "The government took vigorous action to curb inflation." (Describes the strong and decisive nature of the action)
   • Example: "The debate was vigorous, with many different viewpoints expressed." (Describes the lively and intense nature of the debate)

3. Determined and energetic (often mental or in pursuit of a goal): This implies strong resolve and active pursuit.

   • Example: "She made a vigorous defense of her proposal." (Describes a determined and energetic argument)
   • Example: "He engaged in a vigorous fight against corruption." (Describes a determined and active struggle)

Common Collocations (words often used with "vigorous"):

• Vigorous exercise/activity/workout: Intense physical exertion.
• Vigorous growth/development: Strong and healthy progress.
• Vigorous debate/discussion: Lively and intense exchange of ideas.
• Vigorous opposition/protest: Strong and determined resistance.
• Vigorous efforts: Energetic and determined attempts.
• Vigorous action: Strong and decisive measures.
• Vigorous shake/stir: A strong and energetic movement.

Adverb form: "vigorously"

You can use the adverb "vigorously" to describe how an action is performed.

• Example: "He vigorously denied the accusations." (He denied them strongly and forcefully.)
• Example: "She vigorously stirred the soup." (She stirred it with great energy.)
• Example: "The plants are growing vigorously." (They are growing strongly and healthily.)

In summary:

"Vigorous" suggests strength, energy, intensity, and often determination. It can be applied to physical actions, mental efforts, the state of living things, or the forcefulness of a process or campaign.